Journal: Physiology & behavior

Article Title: Effect of Social Housing and Oxytocin on the Motivation to Self-Administer Methamphetamine in Female Rats

doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.10.020

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time line for microdialysis, METH self-administration, extinction and reinstatement sessions.

Article Snippet: Animals received indwelling intravenous jugular catheters connected to a back port with the outlet protected by a stainless steel cover (for details see [ 1 ]) and a microdialysis guide canula (SciPro, MAB 6.14 G) aimed at the NAc (from bregma; AP; +1.7 mm, ML; +0.8 mm, DV; −6.8 mm from top of skull), a dummy probe extending 2 mm below the guide with a dummy stylet was protected by a stainless steel cover (adapted from [ 1 ]).

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Episodic Social Stress-Escalated Cocaine Self-Administration: Role of Phasic and Tonic Corticotropin Releasing Factor in the Anterior and Posterior Ventral Tegmental Area

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2232-15.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Group sizes

Article Snippet: Rats were and implanted with either a unilateral microdialysis guide cannula (8 mm length; Synaptech) in Experiments 1 and 3B or bilateral microinjection cannluae (23 Ga, 11 mm length; PlasticsOne) in Experiments 2 and 3A at a 10° angle 5.0, 5.2, or 5.4 mm posterior from bregma and 1.8 mm lateral from the midline at a depth of 7.5 mm from the skull surface.

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Episodic Social Stress-Escalated Cocaine Self-Administration: Role of Phasic and Tonic Corticotropin Releasing Factor in the Anterior and Posterior Ventral Tegmental Area

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2232-15.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental design. Social defeat (SD, gray bars) occurred on days 1, 4, 7, and 10. In Experiment 1, microdialysis (uD) for CRF within the VTA occurred concurrently with SD on days 1 and 10 to assess the CRF response to acute and repeated stress. In Experiment 2, the functional roles of CRF receptors during stress on later cocaine self-administration were assessed through intra-VTA microinjection (uinj) of aCSF, CRF-R1 antagonist, or CRF-R2 antagonist before each social defeat. In Experiment 3, the enduring role of CRF in the VTA on cocaine seeking after forced abstinence in previously stressed animals was assessed through intra-VTA microinjection of aCSF, CRF-R1, or CRF-R2 antagonist before reinstatement (A) or microdialysis for CRF in the VTA (B).

Article Snippet: Rats were and implanted with either a unilateral microdialysis guide cannula (8 mm length; Synaptech) in Experiments 1 and 3B or bilateral microinjection cannluae (23 Ga, 11 mm length; PlasticsOne) in Experiments 2 and 3A at a 10° angle 5.0, 5.2, or 5.4 mm posterior from bregma and 1.8 mm lateral from the midline at a depth of 7.5 mm from the skull surface.

Techniques: Functional Assay

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Episodic Social Stress-Escalated Cocaine Self-Administration: Role of Phasic and Tonic Corticotropin Releasing Factor in the Anterior and Posterior Ventral Tegmental Area

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2232-15.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experiment 1: Microdialysis for CRF in the VTA during acute and repeated social defeat stress. A, Experimental timeline. Top, Microdialysis occurred during social defeat stress on days 1 and 10 of the intermittent social defeat protocol, consisting of defeats (arrows) on days 1, 4, 7, and 10. Bottom, During microdialysis, five baseline samples were collected, followed by social defeat stress (instigation, fight, and threat), and an additional five recovery samples were collected after the termination of defeat. B, During acute defeat, CRF was not significantly changed from baseline in the aVTA during social defeat stress (gray circles, n = 5) or control handling (white circles, n = 5). C, During acute defeat, CRF was phasically increased in the pVTA both during the initial part of social defeat and in response to stress termination (gray circles, n = 5), but was not changed from baseline during control handling (white circles, n = 5). D, On day 10, compared with nonstressed controls (white bars, n = 5 in aVTA, n = 5 in pVTA), stressed rats (gray bars, n = 5 in aVTA, n = 6 in pVTA) exhibited significantly greater tonic baseline levels of CRF in the VTA, measured in the five baseline samples before defeat stress, expressed as a percentage of average baseline CRF concentration on day 1 compared with day 10. E, On day 10, CRF was increased in the aVTA during the last social defeat episode (gray circles, n = 5), whereas it remained unchanged during control handling (white circles, n = 5). F, Within the pVTA, CRF is suppressed during the final social defeat (black circles, n = 6), but unchanged during control handling (white circles, n = 5). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus baseline. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 versus nonstressed controls.

Article Snippet: Rats were and implanted with either a unilateral microdialysis guide cannula (8 mm length; Synaptech) in Experiments 1 and 3B or bilateral microinjection cannluae (23 Ga, 11 mm length; PlasticsOne) in Experiments 2 and 3A at a 10° angle 5.0, 5.2, or 5.4 mm posterior from bregma and 1.8 mm lateral from the midline at a depth of 7.5 mm from the skull surface.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Episodic Social Stress-Escalated Cocaine Self-Administration: Role of Phasic and Tonic Corticotropin Releasing Factor in the Anterior and Posterior Ventral Tegmental Area

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2232-15.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experiment 3: Role of CRF in the VTA after stress on cocaine seeking after abstinence. A, Experimental timeline. Rats underwent intermittent social defeat or handling, after which they were catheterized for cocaine self-administration, where they were allowed to self-administer cocaine (0.75 mg/kg/infusion) in 3 h sessions until they met a criterion of 10 consecutive days of >15 infusions. Next, rats were placed in forced abstinence for 15 d, after which they were reintroduced to their cocaine self-administration chambers and assessed for cocaine seeking after intra-VTA CRF-R1 or CRF-R2 antagonism (Experiment 3A) or with concurrent microdialysis for CRF in the VTA (Experiment 3B). B, After intermittent social defeat or handling, there was no difference in acquisition (left) between the previously nonstressed rats treated with aCSF in the aVTA + pVTA (n = 7) and previously stressed rats microinjected with aCSF in the aVTA + pVTA (n = 9) or CRF-R1 antagonist (CP) in the aVTA (n = 4) or pVTA (n = 4). Upon return to the cocaine self-administration chamber (right), stressed rats microinjected with aCSF pressed the previously cocaine-paired lever significantly more than nonstressed aCSF animals, which was prevented by intra-pVTA, but not intra-aVTA, CRF-R1 antagonism. C, Similarly, there were no differences in acquisition (left) between rats before abstinence in rats treated with CRF-R2 antagonist (A2B) before the return to the cocaine self-administration chamber (right). Intra-aVTA (n = 5), but not intra-pVTA (n = 4), CRF-R2 antagonism prevented the increased lever responding in previously stressed rats. D, Microdialysis for CRF in the VTA revealed that, although previously stressed animals (aVTA, n = 3; pVTA, n = 4) showed a significantly greater average baseline concentration of CRF (left) compared with controls (aVTA, n = 3; pVTA, n = 4), there was no phasic increase of CRF throughout cocaine seeking (right). Complete data are shown in Table 4. ***p < 0.01 versus nonstressed control. ###p < 0.05 versus stressed aCSF.

Article Snippet: Rats were and implanted with either a unilateral microdialysis guide cannula (8 mm length; Synaptech) in Experiments 1 and 3B or bilateral microinjection cannluae (23 Ga, 11 mm length; PlasticsOne) in Experiments 2 and 3A at a 10° angle 5.0, 5.2, or 5.4 mm posterior from bregma and 1.8 mm lateral from the midline at a depth of 7.5 mm from the skull surface.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Episodic Social Stress-Escalated Cocaine Self-Administration: Role of Phasic and Tonic Corticotropin Releasing Factor in the Anterior and Posterior Ventral Tegmental Area

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2232-15.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Histology for Experiment 3. Representative photopictomicrographs of microinjection cannula placement in the aVTA and pVTA are shown on the left, with schematics on the right depicting spread of all placements for animals pretreated with aCSF (aVTA n = 8, pVTA n = 7), CP376395 (CP, aVTA n = 10, pVTA n = 8), and Astressin2B (A2B, aVTA n = 9, pVTA n = 8). Schematics on the far right depict all microdialysis (uD) probe placements of control (shown on left side of brain, aVTA n = 3, pVTA n = 4) and stressed (aVTA n = 3, pVTA n = 4) rats in Experiment 3B.

Article Snippet: Rats were and implanted with either a unilateral microdialysis guide cannula (8 mm length; Synaptech) in Experiments 1 and 3B or bilateral microinjection cannluae (23 Ga, 11 mm length; PlasticsOne) in Experiments 2 and 3A at a 10° angle 5.0, 5.2, or 5.4 mm posterior from bregma and 1.8 mm lateral from the midline at a depth of 7.5 mm from the skull surface.

Techniques: